What is a serious complication that can arise as a result of tumor lysis syndrome?

Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is a metabolic condition that can occur after the treatment of certain cancers, particularly hematological malignancies like leukemia and lymphoma. This syndrome arises when a large number of cancer cells die rapidly and release their intracellular contents into the bloodstream.

One of the most serious complications of TLS is cardiac failure, primarily due to the electrolyte imbalances it causes. TLS can lead to hyperuricemia (high levels of uric acid), hyperkalemia (high levels of potassium), hyperphosphatemia (high levels of phosphate), and hypocalcemia (low levels of calcium). These imbalances can have profound effects on the cardiovascular system. For instance, hyperkalemia can cause life-threatening arrhythmias and is directly related to cardiac dysfunction.

Recognizing that TLS can severely affect cardiac function highlights the importance of monitoring electrolytes and intervening early with treatments such as hydration, allopurinol, or even urate oxidase in order to prevent or mitigate these dangerous cardiac effects. Thus, cardiac failure is indeed a legitimate and serious complication that arises as a result of tumor lysis syndrome.