What are BRCA1 and BRCA2?

BRCA1 and BRCA2 are genes that play a critical role in the body's ability to repair damaged DNA. When these genes are functioning properly, they help maintain genomic stability by repairing breaks in DNA strands. However, mutations in these genes can significantly increase the risk of developing certain types of cancer, particularly breast and ovarian cancer in women, as well as prostate and pancreatic cancer in men. The presence of mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 alters normal cellular functions and can lead to uncontrolled cell growth and cancer.

Understanding the role of these genes is crucial for oncology nursing, as patients who have a family history of breast or ovarian cancer may benefit from genetic testing. Identifying mutations can guide treatment decisions, preventive measures, and surveillance strategies for those at risk. This highlights the importance of genetic counseling and personalized medicine in cancer care.