How does targeted therapy differ from traditional chemotherapy?

Targeted therapy is designed to specifically target cancer cells while minimizing damage to normal, healthy cells. This selectivity is achieved through the identification of specific molecules or pathways that are associated with the growth and survival of cancer cells. For instance, targeted therapies may focus on particular genetic mutations or proteins that are overexpressed in certain types of cancers. This mechanism allows targeted therapies to potentially provide effective treatment with fewer side effects compared to traditional chemotherapy, which typically affects both cancerous and normal rapidly dividing cells.

In contrast, traditional chemotherapy often leads to a wide range of side effects due to its impact on normal cells, especially those in the bone marrow, gastrointestinal tract, and hair follicles. It can also be associated with higher costs and is not restricted to the later stages of treatment, as it can be employed at various points in a patient's care.

Understanding this distinction is vital in oncology nursing practice, as it influences treatment plans and patient management strategies, aiming for optimal outcomes with minimal adverse effects.